PLEURAL EFFUSION: commonly seen

Image On xray:    Fluid outside the lung and in the thorax that layers out in an upright chest, and blunts the costo-phrenic angles: meniscus. Supine view of an effusion will spread it throughout that side of thorax giving haze like appearance to the whole lung. Get a lateral view if possible effusion.

Can be due to a:
1. Transudative effusion, due to an increased hydrostatic oncotic pressure intravascularly.
2. Exudative effusion, due to a leak of proteinaceous material across an inflamed pleura.
3. Parapneumonic Effusion: Non-infected effusion in thorax, usually secondary to pneumonia.

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